8,508. Location. Phoenix, AZ. Oct 9, 2008. #4. The .44 cal Kentuckian Flintlock was my first muzzleloading rifle. I bought it in 1972 (give or take a year). It was a well made Italian rifle and as I recall its lock was a good sparker. I sold it about 5 years ago to a guy who wanted to hang it on his wall.Hunt Talk is a website for hunting enthusiasts to share tips, stories, and questions. The Muzzleloaders forum is a section for discussing muzzleloader equipment, loads, and hunting experiences. However, it does not match the query muzzleloadingforum.com, which is a different website.8,508. Location. Phoenix, AZ. Dec 30, 2020. #1. By popular demand for a sticky showing Skychief's method of loading smoothbores to get the most uniform patterns, I'm posting this link to the thread. The actual thread is a sticky in the Muzzleloading Hunting area of the forum. Click on this link and the computer will take you to it.Smoothbore | The Muzzleloading Forum. This community needs YOUR help today. We rely 100% on Supporting Memberships to fund our efforts. With the ever increasing fees of everything, we need help. We need more Supporting Members, today. Please invest back into this community. I will ship a few decals too in addition to all the account perks you get.Pull the wedges and lift the barrel out of the stock. Do remove the nipple, maybe even that flash channel manufacturing plug that some call a clean out screw. Put the breech in a bucket of water. Add some soap to aid cleaning especially if you use an oil or greasy patch lubricant.33,410. Reaction score. 8,508. Location. Phoenix, AZ. Feb 26, 2019. #2. A company that called itself Ultra-Hi tried getting into the black powder muzzleloading game back in the 1970's by importing low cost guns. I'm not sure where they were made but I …Kibler .36 SMR | The Muzzleloading Forum. This community needs YOUR help today. We rely 100% on Supporting Memberships to fund our efforts. With the ever increasing fees of everything, we need help. We need more Supporting Members, today. Please invest back into this community. I will ship a few decals too in addition to all the account perks ...Then make a cutter along the design of a couple of saw teeth that fit the groove. This can cut the groove deeper and is advanced to the next groove. Then a paper shim is placed under the cutter and the process is repeated till the grooves are deepened to your goal. A slow and labor intensive job but rather simple.Dec 9, 2023. #9. A little perspective here - a junker can go for a hundred bucks. Someone recently sold the frame for $75. I bought a ten year old Pietta 1860 44 that needed a lot of help but looked ok for $100. So getting a nicely done Uberti for $130 is a helluva deal. and.Kibler Fowler Update | The Muzzleloading Forum. This community needs YOUR help today. We rely 100% on Supporting Memberships to fund our efforts. With the ever increasing fees of everything, we need help. We need more Supporting Members, today. Please invest back into this community. I will ship a few decals too in addition to all the account ...Then make a cutter along the design of a couple of saw teeth that fit the groove. This can cut the groove deeper and is advanced to the next groove. Then a paper shim is placed under the cutter and the process is repeated till the grooves are deepened to your goal. A slow and labor intensive job but rather simple.Friends, our 2nd Amendment rights are always under attack and the NRA has been a constant for decades in helping fight that fight. We have partnered with the NRA to offer you a discount on membership and Muzzleloading Forum gets a small percentage too of each membership, so you are supporting both the NRA and us.Muzzleloader Rifles, Muzzleloader Pistols & Muzzleloader Supplies - #1 Source for Muzzleloaders. Black Powder Rifles, Pistols & Black Powder Kits. Shop all the top muzzleloader brands like CVA, Traditions, Thompson/Center, Lyman, Investarm & More.Friends, our 2nd Amendment rights are always under attack and the NRA has been a constant for decades in helping fight that fight. We have partnered with the NRA to offer you a discount on membership and Muzzleloading Forum gets a small percentage too of each membership, so you are supporting both the NRA and us.South Carolina. Mar 30, 2020. #1. Here are my first rounds after adjusting the sights on my Traditions Kentucky Pistol I recently built from their kit. I was shooting at 10 yards single hand, freehand. I was shooting .490 rb over prelubed Ox-Yoke .018 patches. Load was 22 grains of FFFg Goex black powder.here is what ive learned from a combination of research and playing around with the pdersoli screw barrel pistol: 1. loading: the screw barrel pistol is NOT to be loaded like a traditional single shot pistol. the loading process is as such: A: unscrew the barrel. B: fill the powder chamber till it reaches the bottom of the "ball cup" (roughly ...Got a new toy. | The Muzzleloading Forum. This community needs YOUR help today. We rely 100% on Supporting Memberships to fund our efforts. With the ever increasing fees of everything, we need help. We need more Supporting Members, today. Please invest back into this community. I will ship a few decals too in addition to all the account perks ...As far as your 45 Seneca, it is not a long range ‘magnum’ muzzleloader. I have a 45 caliber Cherokee and love it as a ‘carrying’ gun. I find it deadly at 50 yards or so, with its zero at 75 yards, my personal maximum maximum range with it. Powder charge max for me is 70 grains of 3F. In my gun.Jan 6, 2008 · Friends, our 2nd Amendment rights are always under attack and the NRA has been a constant for decades in helping fight that fight. We have partnered with the NRA to offer you a discount on membership and Muzzleloading Forum gets a small percentage too of each membership, so you are supporting both the NRA and us. 42. Reaction score. 16. Oct 15, 2012. #1. It's been rumored that Thompson Center stopped making their Hawken rifles. I called their customer service today and the operator confirmed that they discontinued the Hawken. My .50 cal flinter shoots low and way to the left.Friends, our 2nd Amendment rights are always under attack and the NRA has been a constant for decades in helping fight that fight. We have partnered with the NRA to offer you a discount on membership and Muzzleloading Forum gets a small percentage too of each membership, so you are supporting both the NRA and us. Percussion Rifles | The Muzzleloading Forum. This community needs YOUR help today. We rely 100% on Supporting Memberships to fund our efforts. With the ever increasing fees of everything, we need help. We need more Supporting Members, today. Please invest back into this community. I will ship a few decals too in addition to all the account ... 179. Location. Texas. May 8, 2020. #1. These precision made tools are the preferred way to cone the muzzles of roundball guns either rifled or smoothbore. Greatly eases starting the ball and the long cone allows the ball to be gently swaged into the bore without damage. I believe accuracy is unchanged.The patent breech in percussion guns is safer and easier to clean. Drum and nipple breeches are manure from several perspectives. Most modern patent breeches on the factory made guns are designed to be cheap to make and install. I believe the Nock antechamber breech gives better velocity but experience is limited.Reaction score. 7,675. Nov 21, 2023. #1. Any other subscribers to Muzzleloader magazine that haven't gotten the Nov/Dec issue yet? I know various things may delay production of a specialty magazine, but just wondered as it's getting to the end of Nov. soon. My local newsstand still has the Sep/Oct issue on display, also.Flintlock Rifles | The Muzzleloading Forum. This community needs YOUR help today. We rely 100% on Supporting Memberships to fund our efforts. With the ever increasing fees of everything, we need help. We need more Supporting Members, today. Please invest back into this community. I will ship a few decals too in addition to all the account perks ...Apr 3, 2018. #14. Full buck horn sights are the most useless sight ever invented in my opinion. They are about style alone and don't do anything particularly well for sighting that cannot be done better with a partridge front and wide, shallow, open or aperture rear sight. P.Nov 2, 2023. #10. I tried the dawn thing, just to slimy for my liking. I use simple green and water as my patch lube 50/50. I keep the little hand sanitizer containers with the snap open lids on them and use it for woods walk, they work great. My buddy gave me some vape oil containers with screw tops, wash them out and put the simple green mix ...32 Cal. A twist rate of 1 in 48 is considered a general compromise, supposedly capable of accurately throwing either a patched roundball or a conical projectile. Doesn't matter if the caliber is .32 or .62. However, like most "generalists", this twist rate probably is not the best for either roundball or conical.Messages. 7,913. Reaction score. 1,950. Apr 21, 2013. #8. According to the Greenhill formula for calculating the spin required for a given bullet length or, conversely, length of bullet which can be stabilized by a given twist, a twist of 1:66 will work for bullets .568" long or shorter in a .50 caliber. Spence.Pull the wedges and lift the barrel out of the stock. Do remove the nipple, maybe even that flash channel manufacturing plug that some call a clean out screw. Put the breech in a bucket of water. Add some soap to aid cleaning especially if you use an oil or greasy patch lubricant.Jan 16, 2020 · 69 Cal. I’m working on a TOW Brown Bess Kit, which according to Jess Melot the owner of the rifle shoppe, the 1746 Wilets kit was a kit he designed 30 years ago for CD Jarnigan Co. That was copied over by Track of the Wolf. On a difficultly level, I can’t really say much because its my first kit build. Friends, our 2nd Amendment rights are always under attack and the NRA has been a constant for decades in helping fight that fight. We have partnered with the NRA to offer you a discount on membership and Muzzleloading Forum gets a small percentage too of each membership, so you are supporting both the NRA and us.Hi I just received payment for the Thompson Center New Englander rifle and I will be shipping it on Tuesday The trigger is not adjustable, it has a 1 in 48" twist, and I do not know the trigger pull. One of the pictures show my identification. I may be listing a second New Englander 50 caliber next week and also a Investarm in a 50 caliber with a set trigger.261. Location. Colorado. Jun 9, 2023. #1. Goex restarted production last week. Thank you for your patience on this long road to restarting production. Rebuilding and running a black powder plant safely is not a trivial matter. We brought in explosives manufacturing experts and made improvements throughout the plant.Reaction score. 45. Dec 19, 2012. #15. Your rifle is indeed one of Navy Arm's Hawken "Hunter" in .58 caliber. The guns had a 1:60" twist, with a shallow .003" to .005" depth, and were specifically built to take big powder charges.Replica Arms was one of the major competitors of Navy Arms in the beginning of the replica black powder revolver revival. Replica Arms started in El Paso, Texas and guns of this era will be marked as such. First revolver offered was the 1847 Walker. Replica Arms later moved to Marietta, Ohio.Spring Rendezvous Oregon. Please join the Forest Hills Black Powder Brigade for its annual Spring Rendezvous in Mill City, Oregon May 24-27. Events include black powder rifle/pistol/trade gun, hawk and knife, primitive archery, frying pan toss, long gong shoot, children's games and activities, traders, primitive and... gferlitsch.New to this site and also new to the idea of a muzzleloading flintlock. My uncle was a PA/KY long rifle collector back in the day. I want something of good quality and shootable. Been reading here about some manufacturers/makers. Anybody have any opinions on Tennessee Valley guns? I am...Pyrodex will often fail to fire in a flintlock. It has a higher ignition temperature than pure black. Some shooters start with a 5-10 grain load of real black powder and then some Pyrodex over that. Sounds like a lot of fussing and won't solve your problem. You will need real black powder to prime, for sure.They shoot most accuretly if the clearance is .003 or less. That's a pretty snug fit and can be pretty hard to load in a fouled bore. The original Minie' bullet to bore fit could be all over the map and it was usually rather loose so accuracy suffered and for the most part the military didn't care.Location. Colorado. Dec 21, 2017. #3. Black powder needs the length to burn completely. The short barrel like 20 or 22 inches is cute but has lots of short comings in muzzle loaders. The old timers sorted out how long a barrel needed to be and as powder got better the barrel got shorter.Oct 3, 2023 · 13,610. Location. Owego, NY. Jan 13, 2024. #5. My rule is if they don't take PayPal or credit cards but just Zelle or Venmo I google their name and ask if they are a scam. Generally, the answer is yes. You can also google their address and see if they are really there. Friends, our 2nd Amendment rights are always under attack and the NRA has been a constant for decades in helping fight that fight. We have partnered with the NRA to offer you a discount on membership and Muzzleloading Forum gets a small percentage too of each membership, so you are supporting both the NRA and us.I start with potassium chlorate, sulfur and antimony trisulfide. Then I use a scale that has very fine measurement and also measures in pretty much all different units but I use grains. I start by measuring out 47 grains of the chlorate, 30 grains of the antimony and 21 grains of the sulfur and dump them together in a little glass dish.Here are 25 Best Muzzleloader Forums you should follow in 2024. 1. The Muzzleloading Forum. The Muzzleloading Forum is for owners to discuss Muzzle Loading Classifieds, firearms, general muzzleloading, hunting, reenacting, and so much more. B... more. muzzleloadingforum..Pull out the wiping stick (ramrod) and pour out the fluid, dry, and oil the bore. Lightly oil all the metal parts, and wipe down the wooden stock. Done. From time to time wipe the stock with something; linseed oil, furniture polish, Marvel Mystery Oil, whatever depending on the type of finish on your rifle stock.The synthetic powders energy level per cubic inch is the same as black powder so use the volume measure for all of them. A .45 caliber rifle will use a .440 diameter ball patched with a patch that may be from .010 to .020 thick. Most people find that a .015-=.018 patch works best. The patch must also be made of pure cotton.Oct 27, 2020 · I've never shot one of those .58 cal rifles before. Well, first, the Buffalo Hunter's not a musket nor an accurate copy of any military-issued firearm that I know of. Short barrel, crude sights, etc. It was a creation of Val Forget of Navy Arms to fill a market niche and precision target shooting at long range was not "it". Apr 21, 2024 ... Help Support Muzzleloading Forum: This site may earn a commission from merchant affiliate links, including eBay, Amazon, and others ... The Craftsman. Muzzleloading related things you've made or have questions about making - Knives, Tomahawks, Horns, Clothing, Bags, etc. Traditional Only - no modern designs. Do not post items unrelated to Muzzleloading. This is not a "general craft" category. Colorado. Feb 22, 2006. #7. It's my understanding that Jack farmed out some of the work on these rifles. I personally know a gunsmith who did some of the work. But, Jack supervised and still has his name, and reputation, involved. I wouldn't hesitate one minute to own one of the West Virginia University rifles.Dumb question | The Muzzleloading Forum. This community needs YOUR help today. We rely 100% on Supporting Memberships to fund our efforts. With the ever increasing fees of everything, we need help. We need more Supporting Members, today. Please invest back into this community. I will ship a few decals too in addition to all the account perks ...Jun 17, 2019 · Reaction score. 7,675. Nov 21, 2023. #1. Any other subscribers to Muzzleloader magazine that haven't gotten the Nov/Dec issue yet? I know various things may delay production of a specialty magazine, but just wondered as it's getting to the end of Nov. soon. My local newsstand still has the Sep/Oct issue on display, also. Please help identify | The Muzzleloading Forum. This community needs YOUR help today. We rely 100% on Supporting Memberships to fund our efforts. With the ever increasing fees of everything, we need help. We need more Supporting Members, today. Please invest back into this community. I will ship a few decals too in addition to all the account ...Dec 20, 2022. #12. I bought a Sitting Fox Pennsylvania in .54 cal smoothbore. It was my third kit, the first two were Dixie. They have good quality parts, but the kit needs work, and you must have tools. Mine is iron mounted, single trigger, straight barrel, and I browned everything. It has been very reliable.Sidelock/Traditional Muzzleloading. Talk about Sidelock muzzleloading rifles and shotguns here!The Meat Counter. Sep 5, 2023. #3. Take a DIY store 3/4" chamfering tool, hold it your hand and rotate it back and forth to cut a small chamfer. All you need to do is break the edge a bit. Just do it evenly. Sandpaper and bluing optional. Last edited: Sep 5, 2023. W.Jan 12, 2018. #7. Out to 80 yards a 58 with 140 grains is going to abuse the shooter about as much as it will abuse the deer if ranges are around 80 yards or less. That might be a good load for larger game, but over kill for deer. I've killed deer with a 50 with about 80 grains of 2f and it did just fine.Reaction score. 1,305. Location. Minnesota. Sep 3, 2021. #4. Good load for what, shooting paper at 15 yards or deer at 65. A good load for mine is 25-30 grains of FFG. takes the heads from small game out to 30 yards, 47 grains is a great all around woods carry-target load but 65 grs is better when deer are in season.Desktop email clients like Sparrow and Postbox seem like they're breathing new life into desktop email, but I'd also heard that Thunderbird is going into "maintena...Nov 17, 2023. #1. Trapper Pistol Kit Build Log #1. Like another hole in my head I need yet another black powder pistol, but I got one anyway, as a kind of a Thanksgiving "make-work" project: a Traditions .50 caliber Trapper flintlock pistol: The parts all look really good. I'm particularly impressed that all the brass is very nearly finished ...ARAV: Get the latest Aravive stock price and detailed information including ARAV news, historical charts and realtime prices. Indices Commodities Currencies StocksJan 25, 2024. #8. I have two Pedersoli SXS shotguns - one 12 gauge and one 10 gauge and one Navy Arms 12 gauge made by Pietta. All of them are from the late 70's to the mid 80's. The 10 gauge has very good triggers so does the Navy Arms Pietta. The Pedersoli 12 gauge not so good.Friends, our 2nd Amendment rights are always under attack and the NRA has been a constant for decades in helping fight that fight. We have partnered with the NRA to offer you a discount on membership and Muzzleloading Forum gets a small percentage too of each membership, so you are supporting both the NRA and us.Powder charge. Nitro (hard) card. Shotload. Thin overshot card. Full fiber cushion wad*. *The cushion wad needs to be SATURATED (the wetter and heavier, the better) with oil. I like to use olive oil. The load seems to shine best when used in cylinder bored guns. Best of luck to all, Skychief.Smoothbore | The Muzzleloading Forum. This community needs YOUR help today. We rely 100% on Supporting Memberships to fund our efforts. With the ever increasing fees of everything, we need help. We need more Supporting Members, today. Please invest back into this community. I will ship a few decals too in addition to all the account perks you get.Location. mexico. Apr 17, 2023. #1. Everyone has bushel basket of hunting stories that they can share, unless you're very young or don't hunt. I saw no place to tell/post my adventures, so it looks like it will default to here. There had been a drought in 1986 . . . or maybe it was in 1988, I really don't recall, but no matter.Sidelock/Traditional Muzzleloading. Talk about Sidelock muzzleloading rifles and shotguns here!Location. Maine. Mar 21, 2023. #1. Questions - Kibler Colonial Long Rifle Kit. Intro: So I started my first introduction to flintlocks and building rifles of wood and metal last weekend. I live in Maine and am a SIG-trained armorer in pistols and rifles, a business owner, and also work in emergency medicine. I say that by way of introduction ...The black powder Colt Walker is regarded as the most powerful commercially manufactured repeating handgun from 1847 until the introduction of the . 357 Magnum in 1935, having a muzzle energy nearly exactly the same as a 4-inch-barreled (10 cm) handgun firing a . 357 Magnum.Dumb question | The Muzzleloading Forum. This community needs YOUR help today. We rely 100% on Supporting Memberships to fund our efforts. With the ever increasing fees of everything, we need help. We need more Supporting Members, today. Please invest back into this community. I will ship a few decals too in addition to all the account perks ...127. Reaction score. 252. Dec 23, 2021. #6. necchi said: With the kit stock as received, lightly wet it, that will enhance the grain appearance. If your stock presents areas of open grain (you'll see it) you could use a light slurry of a bone black agent and sand it back a bit after it dries.H-48 Primer compound formula by weight: Potassium chlorate 51%. Antimony sulfide 27.3%. Sulfur 9.1%. Glass powder 12.1%. Sodium bicarbonate trace (optional) Aluminum powder trace (optional) Or go to ebay, search "priming compound". It'll be at the top of the page.Jan 2, 2020. #1. Hi Guys, A friend asked me to look at the barrel on his India-made Ketland officer's fusil. The barrel and gun were made by Abdul Hakim Usta in 1979. The bolster on the breech plug is very small and it appears to have a flange around it that caps the end of the barrel. The internal plug also has an end that seems to be slanted ...Friends, our 2nd Amendment rights are always under attack and the NRA has been a constant for decades in helping fight that fight. We have partnered with the NRA to offer you a discount on membership and Muzzleloading Forum gets a small percentage too of each membership, so you are supporting both the NRA and us.Oh you are into etching. I made some steel medallions Battery charger very cleaned steel object . Second bit of steel Plain water Plus salt I painted the steel I did not want etched , I recall the positive went to the object and negative to the scrap bit of steel , after 20 mins at 12v the water had become thick and black and deep groves were cut in my medallion where it was not painted.Mar 1, 2024. AZ Muzzleloaders posted the thread FOR SALE 54 Caliber Custom Hawken. Built from TOTW Parts Set, Curly Maple in Firearms For Sale/Trade/Wanted . Built about 1986 from a Track of the Wolf parts set. Barrel measures 32 1/4" x 1" (actual 0.985"), 1:66 rate of twist.
Friends, our 2nd Amendment rights are always under attack and the NRA has been a constant for decades in helping fight that fight. We have partnered with the NRA to offer you a discount on membership and Muzzleloading Forum gets a small percentage too of each membership, so you are supporting both the NRA and us.. Twitter pornqueen
Reaction score. 789. Location. Lufkin,Texas. Jun 22, 2020. #1. I finally have a shootable Navy arms Buffalo Hunter .58. The first one froze nupple cracked stock in 2 places so I bought a 2nd one this one is a shooter. Managed groups under 2 inches at 50 yards using a .58 maxi from track of the wolf 100 grains Goex 2F felted over powder.Friends, our 2nd Amendment rights are always under attack and the NRA has been a constant for decades in helping fight that fight. We have partnered with the NRA to offer you a discount on membership and Muzzleloading Forum gets a small percentage too of each membership, so you are supporting both the NRA and us.Glen, I, and several freinds, have fairly extensive collections of antique as well as contemporary arms and accoutrements that we do not keep behind locked doors and vaults. I for one have a room in my home that does not have any windows and is not visible from the outside, that I use to display my treasures. It is accessible to guests in my home …Pedersoli makes a very strong barrel. Having said that, I would. join in with Musketeer and cap the loads at the 100 grain limit or equal with pellets/powder. Triple 7, 50-60 grains. The actual load you will get to by working up to with targets, so. adjust yourself based upon results.Almost perfect. Started life as a CVA . Beautiful deep blue. Custom built. Perfect bore. Nipple and clean out screw unscrew easily and are not damaged. Trigger is light and crisp. Very accurate. One of a kind. $300 shipped and insured to your door. Open to all trades including U.S. coins.Location. Andover, VT. Aug 25, 2012. #2. Nitric acid is technically aquafortis, for sure, but the solution folks use to stain rifles is saturated with iron. Make the 10% or up to 25% solution, add iron shavings or small nails, let it cook uncovered until it is done consuming iron. Filter through a coffee filter, etc, and use this to stain maple.Both rifles are Investarm rifles, the flintlock is a Lyman Great Plains Rifle and the percussion is a Cabela's .58 caliber Hawken. I'm thinking about swapping out the percussion breech plug on one rifle for the flintlock breech plug on another. The flintlock is .50 caliber and the percussion is .58 caliber. The outside dimensions are the same.Aug 8, 2010 · Gang molds were apparently common. In 1768, Baynton, Warton and Morgan received these: "4 Brass Bullet Moulds in Chest No, 3 to run 30 bullets at once in each (moulds at 55 shillings a piece)" In the Shane interviews a couple of interesting entries, late 18th century. James Wade: “He ran all his bullets in a pair of moulds that had a knife in ... With conicals, You can go a bit slower than 1:48 and still stabilize some longer bullets. But, either paper patched bullets in shallow grooves must be used, nor a good base wad to seal the gases behind the bullet needs to be used so that you can get the velocity needed to stabilize these longer bullets in flight.Oct 10, 2023. #1. Hello all, I have recently acquired a new Pedersoli Frontier (Cabela's Blue Ridge). Although I am familiar with muzzle loading I have never owned a rifle or musket with a double set trigger; and have a few queries regarding their mechanics. I have noticed that prior to engaging the set trigger it can move back and forth freely ...First off, let me say that I am brand new to flintlock hunting. I have been hunting my entire life and been around guns my entire life. I have hunted with in line muzzle loaders for many years. I bought the Pa. Pellet for the simple reason that it gave me the ability to hunt for a few more weeks in northwest Pa. without breaking the bank.Thinking of adding another .44 cal cap & ball to my collection. Cant make up my mind if I should pick up a Walker or Dragoon. Pietta or Uberti So would like your pro,s and con,s of each model and what your preferences are. Thanks in advance for sharing your advice and wisdom. Bill I had a...Fred Olsen Cruise Lines on Sunday said its 929-passenger Braemar was at anchor about 25 miles off the coast of Freeport, Bahamas, while diplomatic efforts involving the U.K. govern...A 1:48 twist in larger calibers (.45 and up) is generally very finicky in what it will shoot accurately with. Ask any serious Buffalo match or bench rest shooter what the twist is in their rifles. Invariably they will be 1:66; 1:72 or even 1:144.Using the 12 ga., originals or a single barrel in line trap gun, I have used a 1 and an 18th shot dipper for both powder and shot. I have used black powder and substitutes. If you can not get Mike;s over powder wads use two over shot wads over the powder, half a cushion was, lubed or not, shot and an over powder wad.As far as your 45 Seneca, it is not a long range ‘magnum’ muzzleloader. I have a 45 caliber Cherokee and love it as a ‘carrying’ gun. I find it deadly at 50 yards or so, with its zero at 75 yards, my personal maximum maximum range with it. Powder charge max for me is 70 grains of 3F. In my gun..